Lasting Love in Shakespeare - 1145 Words

â€Å"So its not gonna be easy. Its gonna be really hard. Were gonna have to work at this every day, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, forever, you and me, every day† (Sparks). Being in a relationship is tough now days, and apparently couples in the older times still went through the same types of situations couples today go through. Everyone has their disagreements, and couples never know what life will throw their way. After being with someone for so long, one is bound to have a few fights, but true love perseveres. When reading â€Å"Marriage of True Minds† by William Shakespeare and listening to â€Å"I Won’t Give Up† by Jason Mraz, readers and listeners are showed time and time again that love can make it through†¦show more content†¦He wants a love he can fight for (Mraz). Couples should have tough love. Though the two works have a lot in common with each other, they also have some differences. The main difference is that in â€Å"I Won’t Give Up†, Jason Mraz focuses on what he will do for her and why he is doing all that he is, while in Shakespeare’s â€Å"Marriage of True Minds’, he explains what true love is and how love is supposed to be. Another difference in the poems is that in Mraz’s song, he talks about her beauty, while Shakespeare focuses strictly on telling readers about love and more of what is on the inside. Mraz describes how beautiful she is, comparing her eyes to the night sky or watching the sunrise. Shakespeare gives us an experience that is not about looks but more about how love is and how one should act when they are in love. In â€Å"I Won’t Give Up† the lyrics suggest that the two in the song are not together, though they once were an item. The words are sung sweetly as though he is trying to get her back and tell her all the things he should have done and what he will do in the future if they get back together. â€Å"And in the end, you are still my friend at least we did intend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mraz). These lines suggest that now they are just friends. Now it gives listeners the feeling that the song has not been talking about rough times when they are together, but rather her making it like this by leaving him and him saying I won’t give up on us, even though youShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Sonnet, Let Me Not And The Marriage Of True Minds And Sherran s Composition953 Words   |  4 Pages Comparisons of Shakespeare s sonnet â€Å"Let Me Not in to the Marriage of True Minds† and Sherran s composition â€Å"Thinking Out Loud† In the poem â€Å"Let Me Not in to the Marriage of True Minds† also known as â€Å"Sonnet 116† Shakespeare uses the theme that love endures; to articulate that in spite of obstacles, true love never expires. First, he defines love as having a decree. For example, over time circumstances and a person can change, but Shakespeare declares that love can not be influenced. AfterRead MoreEssay on The Themes of Love in Romantic and Victorian Poetry899 Words   |  4 PagesThe Themes of Love in Romantic and Victorian Poetry Within this essay I shall be comparing the themes of love used in ‘Red, Red Rose’ by Robert Burns, ‘Remember’ by Christina Rossetti, ‘So We’ll Go No More A-Roving’ by Lord Bryon, ‘Sonnet XVIII’ by William Shakespeare and ‘Sonnets from the Portuguese XLIII’ by Elizabeth Barrett Browning. To do this I will analyse the different themes of love portrayed by each poet, how the love is declared and explore the ways in whichRead MoreShakespeare s Othello - The Simplicity Of Love1521 Words   |  7 PagesSimplicity of Love in Othello Shakespeare’s plays seem to focus essentially on a dominant male character and his struggles that tend to deal with a woman in a few plays. Shakespeare is criticized for the depiction of his novel. There are just three women in the play. They are Desdemona, Bianca, and Emilia. The role of the women serves to present them completely to reflect their ideological prospects within the Elizabethan society as well as the Venetian society. The women are required to love and unselfishlyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 116981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare was born in April of 1564. His exact date of birth is unknown. By the time he passed away on April 23, 1616 he was regarded worldwide as the greatest writer in the English language. He was a playwright, poet, and actor. Unfortunately, he passed away at an early age of fifty-two and the world will never know what other great works he would have produced. â€Å"To the world, he left a lasting legacy in the form of 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and two narrative poems† (â€Å"The Life of WilliamRead MoreThe Demise Of Romeo And Juliet993 Words   |  4 Pagesfate brought the two love struck children together. At the beginning of the play, William Shakespeare writes a line showing the readers and audiences how Romeo and Juliet’s demise was by fate. In the prologue, while giving a background about the play he states, â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes/ A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life† (Shakespeare Prologue.5-6). Shakespeare is saying that Romeo and Juliet are born in two separate families, that have a long lasting and violent feudRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1709 Words   |  7 Pageseveryone included in this group share the similar qualities. According to the white world during Shakespeare’s time, the typical black stereotype was â€Å"the hot blooded, the vengeful, passionate, and impulsive African† (Hogan 432). Interestingly, Shakespeare portrays Othello, the black man, as more rational, calm, and less passionate and impulsive than the Venetians in society who impose this stereotype onto Othello. Yes, Othello is conceived into believing Desdemona has been unfaithful, but this requiresRead MoreThe Significance of Shakespeares Regards Toward His Mistress in Sonnet 130918 Words   |  4 Pagesexpected to look like in that of the natural world. The comparisons Shakespeare addresses highlight aspects of nature, such as snow (3)or coral (2) yet; each comparison proves to be unflatteringly about his mistress. However, in the final rhyming couplet, Shakespeare claims his love for his mistress by professing; that even though his mistresses has a great deal of flaws, he accepts them and loves her as much as any man could love a woman. In Shakespeares, Sonnet 130 he illustrates a true depictionRead MoreLet Me Not The Marriage Of True Minds By William Shakespeare And Entre Nous By Neil Peart962 Words   |  4 Pag esin several ways creating different reactions from various kinds of audiences. All audiences react to poems differently but the main point of a poem is to leave a lasting impression on someone and changing one’s mindset hence, why they are so powerful. The poems, â€Å"Let me not to the Marriage of True Minds (sonnet 116)† by William Shakespeare and â€Å"Entre Nous† by Neil Peart are two extremely powerful poems. The poems are compelling because of their themes, tones, the dictions of the poets and the structuresRead MoreLiterary Analysis : Romeo And Juliet761 Words   |  4 PagesIn Everything But Time Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, revolves around the tragic story of two lovers who commit suicide for one another. The two lovers were parts of opposing households, the Montagues and the Capulets. Immediately enamored with each other after meeting at a party, the lovers swiftly agree to get married. However, a series of events causes Romeo to be banished, and in order to escape an arranged marriage Juliet fakes her own death. News reaches Romeo, who then killsRead MoreShakespeare s Sonnets Of William Shakespeare1006 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath, the works of William Shakespeare have become well-renowned. One could say that through his work, the subjects of which he wrote and the author himself have become immortalized, receiving acclaim from scholars around the world. One such collection of work that has gained fame and admiration is his sonnets. Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets have received much speculation and criticism over the years regarding their intent and subjects. Although some believe Shakespeare to be the narrator of the sonnets

Evaluation Of A Brain Break And Release Energy - 1137 Words

Norms Norms are the expectations of society put on its members (p. 58). To illustrate, some the students that are ADHD diagnosed have implemented a mindset that if they get through the last class of the day they are free from doing any assignments outside of the classroom. They lead away from the norms of the classroom. The norms were that would participate during the whole class period, but not one of these students are able to make it through the whole class period. Another example, there is a couple of students to leave the classroom under my supervision to release energy in the gym, but after a couple of days of observing their behavior they start to anticipate that they will go for a run in the gym, so they will not have to complete their assignment. Furthermore, I have made many adjustments to my guidelines to allow the students to go for a brain break and release energy. It has become more of an award to the students that have ADHD than an escape from doing an assignment. There are numerous days the students not allowed to go to release energy because of their actions during class. One time, I discussed with one of the students that he may be allowed to release energy, but not until he completes the notes portion of the class period. I have a couple of minutes to think about the decision that he would like to make. He is hesitant about participating during class, so he attempts to disrupt the classroom with inappropriate remarks. I gave him two warnings before theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Forensic Psychology1611 Words   |  7 Pagespsychologists are extremely important aspects to both psychology and law environments. Their work can make or break a case in law environments. The work they do coincides with both law and psychology in that they release information to the court system in order to continue a trial, and part of psychology because they are responsible for determining the psychological state of their client. The brain is a very complicated organ and c an inhibit forensic psychologists from performing their jobs completelyRead MoreHealth Dietary Practices Assists The Body Function1483 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresented theoretical basis knowledge. As well, the content does not complete abide by the meaning of the article title. Through the next fuller research to support the explanation of the biochemistry knowledge of nutrients concepts to present and make evaluation of scientific interrelationship of the biochemistry involved in living system. The new biochemical hypothesis of the research which is excess nutrients causes the body systems been stress or influences its essential functions. Human Metabolism inRead MoreThe Simple Science Behind The Diet Plan1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe simple science behind the diet plan. Starting with the basics, we know we get energy from our food. That energy is measured in calories. We get that energy from three sources: Fats, Carbohydrates, and Proteins. One gram of fat has 9 calories. One gram of Carbohydrates has 4 calories. One gram of Protein has 4 calories as well. We also know to lose weight, one must take in less calories than he or she burns in a day. In similar fashion, to gain weight or muscle one must take in more caloriesRead MoreThe American Veterans Benefits Administration1758 Words   |  8 Pagesmistakes, VBA as an organization has failed to capitalize on these opportunities and to use past failures as a springboard for future success. In 2011, the VA Office of Inspector General (OIG) completed an audit of all temporary 100% disability evaluations to ensure cases had future examinations appropriately established within the electronic record. The OIG found that VBA was improperly managing and evaluating these claims resulting in overpayments of approximately 53.2 million dollars each yearRead MoreWorld War II to the Gulf War by Stephen E. Ambrose1667 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican perspective), socialism, the Arab-Israeli clash, and third-world improvement, are followed from World War II and clarified as they relate to Americas remote arrangements and abroad exercises. This volume lays the foundation in the spectators brain to comprehension cutting edge American outside approach. Thus, he quickly touches upon a few themes, for example, the strike on Pearl Harbor and its influences on the war in the Pacific, while talking about different clashes, in the same way--- asRead More High-Protein Diets For Weight Loss Essay2168 Words   |  9 Pagesof fat is dictated by the amount of protein consumed at each meal. The role of fat in this diet plan is described by Dr. Sears as follows: slows the rate of carbohydrate entry into bloodstream which reduces insulin response, releases hormone (CCK) from stomach to tell brain to stop eating, and supplies the building blocks (essential fatty acids) for eicosanoids (http://www.users.cts.com/crash/d/dbrowndc/zonefaq.htm#Unfavorable). Therefore according to this perspective, in order for the body to burnRead More Fasting: Body Cleansing or Starving Essay2292 Words   |  10 Pages A diet of raw foods and fluids helps cleanse the body, and fasting takes the cleansing a step further. Every fasting method, suited individually to a person’s needs, cleanses toxins from the person’s body. The nutrients in fresh juice provide energy and support to the body while stimulating the detoxification process by clearing waste from its systems. This detoxification process is an important corrective process in our nutritional cycle. We allow our body to breathe and naturally cleanse itselfRead More Physical and Behavioral Responses to Starvation and Famine in Warsaw Ghetto versus the West African Sahel4849 Words   |  20 Pagescomparison between the Warsaw Ghetto and the West African Sahel region can best be examined through the Biology of Human Starvation study conducted at The University of Minnesota in 1944 and 1945 involving thirty-two voluntary subjects. The study is an evaluation Page 3 2 and analysis of starvation in human subjects and is commonly used for interpreting starvation and famine experiences under less controlled populations and circumstances. The results of the study filled the urgent need after World WarRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of A Fibromyalgia3324 Words   |  14 Pagesare various approaches by which a fibromyalgia (FM) patient can better cope with bouts of depression, self-pity, and anxiety. First and foremost, a patient must consult with a health professional or a mental health specialist for a psychological evaluation. Once diagnosed, there are several methods of treating depression, which include psychotherapy, medication, and self-help techniques. Also known as talk therapy, psychotherapy helps FM patients manage pain and deal with illness by changing theirRead MoreReport And Plan For A Vegetarian4202 Words   |  17 Pageshealthy and active throughout her daily life. She wants to squeeze as much exercise as she can into her working week and she does this by exercising on odd hours in the mornings and in the evenings. She also said that she wants to keep her Energy Intake - Energy Expenditure ratio as balanced as she can, because this will help her maintain her body weight. Lisa doesn’t want to â€Å"burn out† every few weeks, as this affects her consistency at maintaining her body weight. She said that she considers herself

The United States Airline Industry

Question : What is the United States Airline Industry? Answer : Introduction For a long time, the airline industry of the United States has been struggling to make a profit. Various factors have been identified by analysts that have made the industry performance to deteriorate. There have been other carriers that have entered the industry which charges low fares to passengers. These new competitors have put their focus on more attractive routes, and they use an aircraft of one type enabling them to reduce the costs associated with maintenance. The U.S. airline industry has been left with no choice but to also reduce their fares. Also, the emergence of travel sites on the internet has enabled customers to compare the prices of different carriers which have made the fares remain low (Holderness, 2009, p.1382). An Overview of U.S. Airline Industry The network of air transport in the U.S. is very extensive. Research conducted in 2013 reported that 86 airports handled more than 1,000,000 each year. In the United States, air transport is the most preferred means of transport for distances which are over 480km. This is because of the geographical setup and great distances between cities. Air transportation has reduced from the time the great recession started. Rapid consolidation has also been experienced in the industry due to the mergers of the largest carriers in the nation (David, Dorn, and Hadson, 2013, p.2125) The terrorists attacks which occurred on 11th September in America have made the air industry to suffer significantly. These attacks made customers to lose their confidence in the industry. During the first week of the attack, more than 330 million dollars were lost by the industry every day. In the subsequent years, the reduction in demand followed by the reducing cost of travel by air has made revenues to decrease greatly. The cost of fuel has also been on the rise which has made the losses incurred by the airlines to increase. The other expense incurred by the airline is the salaries of its staff. To compensate for increased cost and reducing revenues, various airlines have reduced the number of the operating planes forcing the airlines to lay off some of the employees resulting in increasing unemployment rate which have an adverse impact on the economy (Keeney and Hertel, 2009, p.897). In the United States, it is the role of the local government to construct and operate public airports. The military bases are the only exemption. Regarding security and regulation, the air transport industry is regulated by an agency called TSA, which is part of the Homeland Security of the U.S. For every passenger to board a plane, one must provide an ID that is issued by the state, and it must be a valid one. Each person is required to go through a body scan before being allowed onto a plane so that there are no items that are prohibited. In the U.S. the airlines which carry passengers are owned privately. Currently, there is ticket price regulation by the government although the government has jurisdiction over training of pilots, the safety of aircraft, and investigation of aircraft. Air cargo is usually part of the many flights that take place daily and is operated parcel companies that are usually privately owned (Acs and Amoros, 2008, p.310). Competitive Forces Analysis. An analysis of the competitive forces of the U.S. is critical since it helps investors to know the financial position of the company and its marketplace position. The U.S. airline competitive forces can be analysed using the Porters Five Forces tool. This tool is an analytical framework whose aim is to evaluate the position of the company within the industry in which it operates, and it also considers the different types of threats which may either be vertical or horizontal. A threat that is vertical in nature is one that is along the chain of supply, such as suppliers or buyers obtaining the power to bargain which can make a company have a competitive disadvantage. A threat that is horizontal is a competitive one, for instance, the entry of a new company in the market or customer changing their preferences which favor substitutes (Gerardi and Shapiro, 2009, p.12). Investors can, therefore, use these five forces to identify the most likely threats to the U.S. airline industry. The ma in reason for using the Porters Five forces of analysis for the U.S. airline industry is because it has been faced by challenging external factors which include the rise of fuel prices, reducing passenger traffic, rising operating expenses, high maintenance and landing costs among other factors. The five forces are. The Power of Suppliers to Bargain. The suppliers power is great because airlines have three major inputs which are labor, fuel, and aircraft which are greatly influenced by the external environment. For example, the price of fuel is affected by the global market fluctuations which can be escalated by factors which are geopolitical or other different factors. Labour is similarly subject to the unions power which most of the times bargain for better compensation terms. Thirdly the U.S airline industry acquires aircraft by wet lease basis or by outright sale meaning that various airlines have to rely on two big suppliers, Boeing and Airbus for their different aircraft needs. This is the sole reason why the suppliers power has been termed as high regarding the Porter framework. These factors have made the profitability of the United States airline industry to decline significantly (Fu, Oum, and Shang, 2010, p.28) Customers Bargaining Power The proliferation of distribution systems and online ticketing has made passengers have a wide range of choices in acquiring the tickets. Customers no longer depend on airlines, agents or intermediaries for them to purchase tickets. Also, there has been an entry of carriers which charge less to their customers and the price wars that result in benefits the customers. There have also been tight regulation on the side of demand of the industry which means that passengers have been protected and the balance of power falls in their favor. This has greatly influenced the profitability of the airline industry in a negative way. This is because customers cannot be deterred by price fluctuations due to availability of many channels which they can use to book tickets (Givoni and Rietveld, 2009, p.504) The Threat of New Entrants and Exit Barriers. Entering the airline industry requires investing the huge amount of capital and even when a decision to exit the sector is made by the airlines, they are required to absorb massive losses. This indicates that exit and entry barriers of the airline industry are high. Due to the high capital requirements for entry in the industry is limits the number of people who may want start the business of this nature since a lot of expertise and knowledge is required by the players. The barriers of exit are subject to certain regulations, and those who are tasked with the mandate of regulation do not allow airlines to do so unless they present genuine reasons. This exit and entry barriers have made the U.S. airlines to continually incur losses posing a threat to profitability (Fu, Oum, and Shang, 2010, p.33). Threats of Complementariness and Substitutes In the U.S. the airline industry does not face threats from complementariness and substitutes, unlike the countries which are developing. This is because air travel is a phenomenon that is natural for the customers and therefore the impact of alternatives such as bus or train is small. However, many Americans use cars to travel longer distances meaning this substitute is a threat. On the side of complementariness, offering services such as free wifi and other amenities to the passengers provided by airlines which offer full service does not necessarily result in more passengers because customers are more enticed by reduced fare rather than these factors (Gerardi and Shapiro, 2009, p.17). Competitive Rivalry Intensity Various reasons make the airline industry in the United States to be very competitive. This includes entry of carriers that charge low prices, regulations that are tight where safety become very key which make the operating expenses to be very high and the fact that airlines are managed by a model of business that is a little outdated. To make the matter worse, the industry is less regulated on the demand side than on the supply side meaning the airlines do not have freedom to choose the markets to operate in. On the contrary, it is the consumers who are favored by the regulators. This competition has made the profitability of the U.S. airline to decrease (Givoni and Rietveld, 2009, p.507). Economic Performance The U.S airline industry has grown rapidly over the years, but there has not been robust and consistent profitability. Most of the growth has been caused by carriers which charge low cost which today controls some significant percent of the market worldwide. These carriers have been expanding their operations markets that are emerging. The low-profit growth is due to the complex nature of the airline business. There are strict regulations which govern the industry and hence every decision made should not be contrary to the rules. The United States airline sector is one of the sectors that has experienced the fall of prices over the years (Holderness, 2009, p.1401). The U.S airline earnings have shown a cyclical behavior over the years. Researchers have concluded that the profit cycles in the airline industries are caused by not fully accounting for delays in the feedbacks which are negative which controls capacity acquisition, inventory, and other resources. The reasons for the profit cycles are prices, demand, wages, and costs. The demand affects the profit cycle in that during the seasons that people have much disposable income, they travel a lot, and this causes the revenues of the airlines to increase, and when the disposable income is little, there is less travel which decreases profits as well. The prices of travel have significantly been reducing due to an entry of low-cost carriers in the market. This has in turn reduced the profits and hence there has not been stability in the profit cycle. The costs of operations of aircraft are usually high especially the maintenance costs. This is because safety is very key in the airlines. These hi gh costs have affected the profit cycle since a lot of money is required to maintain the aircraft. The wages have also affected the profit cycle because they are controlled by the union. The union may at times impose a high wage rate that is beyond the capacity of the airlines to pay, and this may affect the profit margin of the airlines (Keeney and Hertel, 2009, p.900) Strategies for Airline Profitability There are several measures that the U.S. airline industry can take to increase cost-effectiveness and to remain competitive. One of the steps that can be implemented is ensuring that they know their customers better. As seen in other companies, knowing consumers preferences are very important so that services that are personalized can be delivered effectively. However, the U.S. airline industry must move beyond relying on loyalty programs that exist which are capable of generating important customer data but do not instantly lead to insights which are real concerning travel choices and behaviors. Most carriers, therefore, need to concentrate and invest in the services that they offer to customers as a result of the knowledge they gather about them. The benefits derived from better knowledge of customers are increased experienced by the passengers who make the customer loyal to an airline. This gives airline greater chances of obtaining revenues which help improve profitability (Nidom ulu, Prahalad, and Rangaswami, 2009, p.59). The other measure that the U.S airlines can use is technology that is digitalized to reduce the costs of operations. For airlines to reduce cost and streamline their operations, they must internally adopt new technology. For instance, engines which are tech-enabled can make operations and maintenance centers aware of issues of performance while a plane is in the air and request that the part is used for a replacement to be ready by the time it lands. Taking such measures help to substantially boost performance and reduce costs while at the same time increases passenger satisfaction by more rapid on time departure and arrivals (Ciliberto, Hikino, and Chandler, 2009, p.1802).This can help to increase profitability. The third strategy that can be taken is to identify the areas that the airline needs to cut the cost of the expenses. The management of airlines needs to identify areas that are not associated with customer value, reputation, branding and safety and reduced the cost of such areas. The airlines should determine their capabilities which give them a competitive advantage over their rivals and invest in such areas and by doing so the profitability of the airline can be boosted (De Neufville, 2008, p.63). The final strategy that the U.S. airline industry can take is to find strategic partners. The legal framework of consolidation and restructurings of bankruptcy in the U.S. cannot be applied in many other markets, and regulation by government continues to put a limit on such consolidation. It is, therefore, necessary for airlines to partner with others which help them to improve their strengths. Partnerships allow carriers to share routes which make them access many destinations. Partnership can contribute to boosting the profitability of the U.S Airlines as a result of increased revenues (De Neufville, 2008, p.41) Conclusion The U.S airline industry has over the years experienced deteriorating profit margins. This has been caused by competitive forces such as new entrants threats which offer reduce fare costs making most customers to prefer them. Secondly, the power of customers to bargain which makes the customers choose carriers which have low costs since there are sites on the internet that they can access where they can compare the fare prices of different carriers. Third, competitive rivalry intensity is caused by the demand side of the customer having more power than the supply side.Fourth, the threat of substitutes and the power of clients to bargain are other forces that affect competition. The profitability of the U.S. airline has been a cyclical one due to factors such as prices, demand, wages, and cost. There are strategies that the U.S airline can take to increase its profitability. These plans are partnering strategically, identifying areas they can cut their costs, using technology that is digitalized and knowing their customers better. By implementing these strategies, the U.S. airline industry can improve its financial performance considerably. References Acs, Z.J. and Amors, J.E., 2008. Entrepreneurship and competitiveness dynamics in Latin America. Small Business Economics, 31(3), pp.305-322. Buhalis, D. and Law, R., 2008. Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and ten years after the Internetthe state of tourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), pp.609-623. Chandler, A.D., Hikino, T. and Chandler, A.D., 2009. Scale and scope: The dynamics of industrial capitalism. Harvard University Press. Ciliberto, F., and Tamer, E., 2009. Market structure and multiple equilibria in airline markets. Econometrica, 77(6), pp.1791-1828. David, H., Dorn, D. and Hanson, G.H., 2013. The China Syndrome: Local Labor market effects of import competition in the United States. The American Economic Review, 103(6), pp.2121-2168. De Neufville, R., 2008. Low-cost airports for low-cost airlines: flexible design to manage the risks. Transportation Planning and Technology, 31(1), pp.35-68. Eichengreen, B. and Hausmann, R. eds., 2010. Other people's money: debt denomination and financial instability in emerging market economies. University of Chicago Press. Fu, X., Oum, T.H. and Zhang, A., 2010. Air transport liberalization and its impacts on airline competition and air passenger traffic. Transportation Journal, pp.24-41. Gerardi, K.S. and Shapiro, A.H., 2009. Does competition reduce price dispersion? New evidence from the airline industry. Journal of Political Economy, 117(1), pp.1-37. Gilpin, R., 2016. The political economy of international relations. Princeton University Press Givoni, M. and Rietveld, P., 2009. Airlines choice of aircraft sizeExplanations and implications. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 43(5), pp.500-510. Holderness, C.G., 2009. The myth of diffuse ownership in the United States. Review of Financial Studies, 22(4), pp.1377-1408. Keeney, R. and Hertel, T.W., 2009. The indirect land use impacts of United States biofuel policies: the importance of acreage, yield, and bilateral trade responses. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 91(4), pp.895-909. Morrison, S. and Winston, C., 2010. The evolution of the airline industry. Brookings Institution Press. Nidumolu, R., Prahalad, C.K. and Rangaswami, M.R., 2009. Why sustainability is now the key driver of innovation. Harvard business review, 87(9), pp.56-64. Oum, T.H. and Yu, C., 2012. Winning Airlines: Productivity and cost competitiveness of the worlds major airlines. Springer Science Business Media. Porter, M.E., 2011. The competitive advantage of nations: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015. Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Shapiro, A.C., 2008. Multinational financial management. John Wiley Sons.Sklair, L., 2010. Assembling for development: The maquila industry in Mexico and the United States (Vol. 98). Routledge.

Women’s Brains Essay Example

Women’s Brains Paper Women’s Brains by Stephen Jay Gould discusses how inferior women are to men, based on scientific data. George Eliot, in the prelude of Middlemarch, grieved over the unfulfilled lives of talented women. She wrote in 1872 that the leaders of European anthropometry or measurement of the human body, scientifically measured the inferiority of women. But it was craniometry or measurement of the skull, led by Professor Paul Broca, which got more attention. Broca argued that women had smaller brains than men, therefore could not equal their intelligence. He claimed this is scientific truth since men in modern societies possessed larger brains and that their superiority through time increases. He based this on extensive data that came from autopsies he performed in four Parisian hospitals. For 292 male brains, he calculated an average weight of 1,325 grams; 140 female brains averaged 1,144 grams for a difference of 181 grams, or 14 percent of the male weight. Though he recognized that the difference in brain size could be attributed to greater height of males, he made no effort to measure the effect of size alone and claimed that it cannot account for the entire difference. We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Brains specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Brains specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Women’s Brains specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, there are those who oppose Broca’s fold. One was Tiedemann, who proposed that the relatively small female brain size depends in part upon their physical inferiority and in part upon their intellectual inferiority. Another defender of women was L. Manouvrier, who claimed that women displayed their talents and diplomas and invoked philosophical authorities. Unfortunately, bad commentaries and sarcasm outnumbered these positive points. Examples of which were theologians asking if women had a soul and scientists ready to refuse them of a human intelligence. In 1873, Broca measured cranial capacities of prehistoric skulls from L’Homme Mort cave and found a difference of only 99.5 cubic centimeters between males and females. According to Topinard, one of Broca’s disciples, the increasing discrepancy through time is attributed to active men, who have all the responsibility and therefore needs more brain, and to the passive woman, whose role is childrearing. But the chief misogynist of Broca’s school was Gustave Le Bon, who claimed that there are a large number of women whose brains are closer in size to the gorillas’ than to most developed male brains. Even psychologists, poets, and novelists recognized that women represent the most inferior forms of human evolution, closer to children and savages than to an adult, civilized man. There may be distinguished women, but they were a minority. Moreover, Le Bon opposed granting women higher education, saying that when this happens, a social revolution will begin and t hat everything that maintains the sacred family ties will vanish. Gould, reexamining Broca’s data, said that his numbers were sound but his interpretations were ill-founded. Broca made conclusions yet he studied only seven male and six female skulls in L’Homme Mort. Furthermore, he did not consider that brain weight decreases with age. Women in his studies were considerably older than men. Using multiple regression, Gould found that at average height and age, a woman’s brain would weigh 1,212 grams, which reduces Broca’s measured difference of 181 grams to113 grams. Moreover, Broca did not also consider degenerative diseases that often entail substantial decrease of brain size. Many of his subjects were elderly women, assumed to have lengthy degenerative disease than men. In addition, Manouvrier argued that when muscular mass and force are used, difference in brain size will be in favor of men. But with â€Å"sexual mass,† women came out slightly ahead in brain size. Therefore, the corrected 113-gram difference is too large since the true figure is close to zero. To understand Broca’s contentions though, one must realize that he had easier access to women’s brains. However, Maria Montessori concluded that women were intellectually superior, but men had prevailed heretofore by dint of physical force. Gould ended the article with George Eliot’s prelude to Middlemarch, saying Eliot appreciated the special tragedy that biological labeling has imposed upon members of disadvantaged groups, women like herself.